Crystal Meadows Case Study free essay sample

The social issues rose because of terrible societies from different nations. Societies which we don't take care of into our own social and strict qualities. Most youthful ages can't distinguish and examine what are the acceptable and awful things. It could be take out the virtues in every youthful age. The social indecencies that are tormenting our general public today could barely be indexed, they are uncountable in the genuine feeling of the declaration. Among the conspicuous social issues are the heightening wrongdoing waves, strict prejudice, slight for older folks, lethargy and delay of obligation, across the board of illnesses, showy spending, premature birth, pre-marriage pregnancy, run off (run off subtly to be hitched and for the most part without the assent or information on one’s parent), disciplinary issue, mental issue, hinder improvement of the nation, and liquor utilization. These are the impacts of our social issue among Malaysian youth. Most importantly we will examine the heightening wrongdoing waves among our Malaysian youth. Nowadays our Malaysian youth are include in numerous wrongdoing whether its little or enormous. One of the most widely recognized among our childhood are medicate misuse. Its dismal to see the fate of our nation the be include with this sorts of social issues, at a youthful age they are discarding their lives and future. We the general public used to imagine that sedate abuser are just among uneducated society and guardians. This announcements has change among the years as the kids from instructed and high society guardians are one of the greatest medication abuser. These are the Malaysian youth with the free progression of cash to purchase a wide range of medication, for example, pot, joy, cocaine and some more. This announcement doesn't imply that the young from the low salary society are not included. This are the adolescent that will cause a lot more wrongdoing because of their dependence on drugs. The medication abuser that originate from this general public doesn't have the free progression of cash as the high society youth need to they will result to different ways. Ways, for example, being a grab cheat, house looter, taking vehicles and bike. Some of them will go as far to executing individuals to get what they need. Social ills among young people that happened this period now. Likewise, different measures ought to be featured to defeat social ills among young people. First is the job of guardians. Guardians should screen and secure their kids. In present day times, numerous guardians occupied with their profession and leave their youngsters with no autonomous oversight. Consequently, checking of the guardians is critical to keep away from social issues among young people. Consequently, the job of networks in tending to social ills. Society assumes a significant job in tending to social issues. Network ought not stay quiet when you see something social ills that occur. It ought to have made fitting move. Cheerful and agreeable family is additionally essential to address the issue among young people. As model is eating together or sitting in front of the TV with relatives. Having quality time with relatives will have the option to reinforce ties between families. Some other method to take care of this issues happen among adolescents, young people should be particular in choosing companions. By along these lines the young people need to have old buddy to keep away from them caught in social issues. Young people can favored accomplices who will help them that can offer incredible guidance viewing social sick, for example, smoking, tranquilize misuse, dumping infant and others. A large portion of the occasions in a day adolescents invest more energy with their companions as opposed to their own families. This could give an incredible effect as a part of their character and style of reasoning. Other than that, after school projects could beat the social issue among young people. Projects that could draw in light of a legitimate concern for the young people can keep them from investing their energy sauntering around shopping complex, digital bistro, and others places. Time they spend to do these exercises cause them to be increasingly trained. All the more additional co-curiculum exercises ought to be held by the school, with the goal that the young people and kids will utilize their extra an ideal opportunity for substantially more valuable exercises. Consequently, they would not have the opportunity to be squander and doing futile exercises which will drives them to associated with social issues. As the greater part of the exercises lead for additional co-educational plan giving incredible virtues and have extraordinary purpose of perspectives throughout everyday life. Young people can learn and portion of thoughts with their companions. Broad communications is one system that has an extraordinary impact and powerful in the arrangement of human character. It is a socialization specialist and assumes a significant job in developing and advancing practices ethically in the public arena. Broad communications can shape the hearts way, mindset and character particularly individuals who work 24 hours. Broad communications ought to be liberated from philosophy grasp secularism, the outrageous business culture, belief system and material incitement to live in extravagance. Broad communications must have a fundamental way of thinking and strategies in accordance with the correspondence virtues of Islam. Authorities should build the broad communications feeling of responsibility, duty and their commitment to uphold unbiased and respectable qualities, for example, truth, trustworthiness, etc. Shopper broad communications, particularly the individuals who are mindful as guardians, instructors, political pioneers and executives ought to be increasingly astute ahead of the pack, control, improve reasonability, development and readiness and capacity to decide to communicate a progressively valuable waching by kids or the individuals who are under their consideration. Broad communications can likewise really be a vehicle through different channels, for example, data innovation, propelled Internet, sight and sound, etc. To wrap things up and one of the primary concern that can defeat this issue is the capacity of Religion. On the off chance that an individual comply with the orders and needs of their religion they won't really have been running into issues. Religion shows each and every of their kin to be a decent people and be incredible individual by complying with His requests and show virtues to be a thoughtful individual and how to carry on with their life. In this way, faithful request of god can control humankind to follow reality, and not to go the incorrect way. At the end of the day, a decent choice will help forestall social issues in the young people themselves. As an end, social issues must be fathomed not simply by the individual itself its additionally need the job of others so as to guarantee adolescents to defeat the social issue. Each and every segment of the family, association, companions and others that advances should have their impact in teaching young people to carry on with an incredible life ahead keeping away from the social issue.

Leadership in Aviation Business Opportunities

Question: Examine about the Leadership in Aviation for Business Opportunities. Answer: Presentation The security and operational issues coming from uncommon natural concerns have given a significant concentration to modify the initiative characteristics of the aeronautics division. Most of the pioneers has confronted the maintainability issue and worldwide difficulties to meet the set objectives of the aircraft associations. Simultaneously, the differentiated business condition has additionally offered exercises to the pioneers on the best way to adapt up to the difficulties and united business openings (Assaf Josiassen, 2011). This situation has gotten progressively urgent as the worldwide flight industry has encountered a scope of change due to the financial vacillation and other political variables. Thinking about the reality, the present examination endeavors to talk about the qualities of the effective pioneers in the flight business, trailed by the ID of its effect on the authoritative execution. A scope of individual experience and the general assessment of the pioneers have been led to draw a potential surmising of the investigation. The commitment made by the pioneers to the accomplishment of the flying associations Pioneers are the key variables for making the business openings by affecting all the monetary, cultural, political, and the innovative determinants. It has been distinguished on account of United Airlines Flight 232 DC-10 mishap; there is a decent execution of possibility authority in Captain AI Haynes administration style. The adherents are the most significant factor as the individuals followed the way that permitted the group to play out a crisis arrival to spare the lives of the explorers. As indicated by the assessment of Greenstein (2009), loss of certain travelers had happened however the choice had likewise assisted with enduring the lives most extreme travelers and the flight authorities. Besides, the Ansett Airlines is one of the main guides to develop gradually from the Ansett Airlines to Ansett-ANA. Considering the expressions of McClellan (2009), the compelling initiative style like McGregor's X-Y Theory has been trailed by the pioneers of Ansett to extend the business. Supporting this, Hicks (2013) refered to that the originator of the Southwest Airlines has concentrated on the great citizenship conduct to build the prevalent exhibition. The pioneers of the Southwest Airlines center around making work culture for excited propel the representatives to be the hierarchical residents. Adding to this, the originator of the JetBlue propelled the workers to the hierarchical citizenship through the factor of devotion (Rolkov Farkaov, 2015). Later on, the originator has advanced to frame another fruitful carrier like Azul Brazilian. Therefore, it could be deduced that the commitment of the pioneers is compelling to set up the authoritative achievement. The attributes of the effective pioneers in the business Without the nearness of a solid chief a hierarchical can't be fruitful in the business. The past researchers casted a ballot that self-administration is one of the principal attributes of a fruitful pioneer. In the assessment of Ruderman (2008), a viable pioneer can manage the time, sentiments, consideration and feeling to fortify the qualities of the association and the representatives. The flexibility of the pioneers includes dealing with the pressure of the representatives outside the work. It has been discovered that an effective administrator has the ability to utilize the force accurately. The obligation and the responsibility of the pioneers help the association to decrease the operational confuses and setting up an offsetting point of view with taking appropriate activities (Steiner, 2013). Moreover, the group building activities are one of the most partaking approaches of the pioneers to change a gathering with a particular character and the abilities for expanding the hierarchical profitability. Considering the assessment of Saini (2015), the pioneers must follow a decent implicit rules and the best moral practices for expanding the association worth and representative unwaveringness file. The critical thinking limit of the pioneers requires an assortment of thoughts and sentiments to dispense with any authoritative clashing circumstance. The critical thinking mentality of the pioneers is helpful for limiting the natural issues of the flight segment. Consequently, it could be derived that the pioneers of the association need to protect a continue vision for making a solid objective for the association. Distinguishing the three degrees of investigation of initiative hypothesis The three degrees of authority can envision and manage the progressions for building up great pioneers separated from the others. Each association has a more noteworthy requirement for utilizing a compelling administration. According to the three area administration model, the straightforward structure of the initiative model builds up the worker aptitudes by giving a decent system to preparing the representatives (Shinfuku, 2010). The three degrees of authority hypothesis can be arranged as beneath: Overseeing self for initiative space Driving and dealing with the group and association area Driving, overseeing, and adjusting to the outer condition space The main degree of authority limit in the model distinguishes the expertise and ability of the subordinates. The administration gives a decent instructional course to the representatives for expanding the presentation measures (McClellan, 2009). The subsequent space is the impression of the compelling work of the pioneers in the changing condition inside the working environment. The third level causes the pioneers to assemble a solid formal and casual system group to get normal input on the authoritative procedure. Henceforth, the pioneer audits the activities and alters the procedures according to the necessity of the authoritative achievement. Examining the job of an innovator in adding to aggregate adequacy So as to build up a socially-based relationship job of a pioneer is a chief significant factor. The socially based relationship with the devotees is critical as it is more viable as opposed to the monetary based relationship. According to the assessment of Greenstein (2009), it is the pioneers capacity to assemble potential hierarchical citizenship conduct (OCB). It has been estimated that OCB is required to transparently perceive the presentation of the representatives and give an appealing proper prize framework. OCB is likewise helpful to advance a viable hierarchical culture (Rolkov Farkaov, 2015). Adding to this, representative maintenance strategy of the pioneers is another huge factor that impacts the quality the worker relationship status of an association. On account of Aviation Industry, representative maintenance is one of the most significant chances to motivate the workforce. Moreover, the pioneers can make a positive trade condition that permits the subordinates to adjust the social characters to the hierarchical personalities. The range of control turns out to be increasingly easy and significant as the devotees can discuss legitimately with the pioneers. In the assessment of Steiner (2013), the pioneer gives a high structure to the outrageous activity fulfillment of the workers. AS the devotees don't give any sorts of power administration, accordingly, the pioneers offer thought in the working environment to maintain a decent authoritative culture. For a model, Saini (2015) referenced that Emirates Group, France Group and the Lufthansa Group are driving players to improve the gathering viability through the help of a potential chief. Consequently, compelling group building demeanor, well communicator and a decent dynamic methodology are the most basic job of a decent innovator in the flight part. Talking about the positive effect of initiative on hierarchical execution in the avionics business Having the option to keep up vital business arranging: The authority approach in the carrier area assists with building up a vital field-tested strategy. In the end, the perplexing assignments get settled. A sound head brings workforce inspiration and draws in the representatives inside the business examination process. At long last, the genuine business need gets recognized. An adaptable pioneer additionally causes the staff to lead an assortment of market review to decide the escape clauses and the quality of the organizations. Along these lines, the recognized holes can be limited. The brand gets higher supportability too. Audley et al. (2010) additionally included that top tier pioneers become ready to look the variety of the business and endeavor innovation to draw another plan of action. Pioneers from the corporate like Emirates, British Airline, and so on have figured out how to deal with the cost effectiveness and more prominent separation of the brands from the others. In the end, the brands have effectively dealt with the poten tial relationship with the speculators. Improving the client center and brand character: An adaptable administration style considers the Fielders Contingency hypothesis, which assists with executing more control to the compound business circumstance. Assaf Josiassen (2011) expressed that pioneers in the avionics business need to follow a Dyadic Approach to build the group viability and the general hierarchical achievement. Also, most of the executives working noticeable all around transport segment build up a vertical dyadic hypothesis and pioneer part trade hypothesis to make singular reactions among the in gatherings and out gatherings. For instance, the mix and self-advancement of the Ryanairs pioneers make it plausible to keep up more prominent brand character in the worldwide avionics area (Cento, 2009). Therefore, it tends to be expressed that the improved reactions make the pioneers ready to recognize the essential need of the clients relying upon which, key mediation happens. Thusly, the brand picture increments. Portraying the determinants of authoritative presentation The interior and outer business condition can be considered as the determinant of the corporate presentation of the carrier business. Providers, contenders an

Uses For the Merchant of Venice Essay Topics

Uses For the Merchant of Venice Essay TopicsIt is no secret that many students are using essay topics in their coursework and finals, but do you realize the benefits of using the Merchant of Venice essay topic? The great thing about this subject is that it is a big favorite with both teachers and students.This is a part of Dante's epic poem, the 'Divine Comedy,' in which we see some of the most well known figures in history as they travel through time visiting different places and interacting with each other. The Merchant of Venice is one of the most famous characters in the poem. You might be surprised to know just how much of an impact it has had on our culture.I have used the Merchant of Venice essay topics for many years, especially when I teach History. I have seen my students use it and think it is great. In fact, when I have worked on course projects that revolve around this topic, I have had them test the accuracy of the source material and also consider the literary value of the Merchant of Venice.The reason why the Merchant of Venice essay topics are so popular is that it is a popular topic and also because many people love this part of the poem. It is a part of the epic poem, and it is an important part of the story. In fact, most students want to study the Merchant of Venice even if it is not the main subject they want to cover in their courses.I think the main reason why students enjoy this part of the poem is because it tells us about the life of the famed Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. The poem also covers the corruption of the Catholic Church, and the problems the church was having with money. We can see how the Merchant of Venice can help us understand the evolution of our society and how the religious conflict went on.The Merchant of Venice essay topics are also important because of the main character, Don Quixote. These are the same reasons why people love this part of the poem. The poem takes place in a world full of adventure and my stery, which appeals to many students.It is the perfect essay topic for any class, particularly a History class, because it is so popular and a great subject to explore. Of course, one could always pick any other topic, such as Machiavelli, Chaucer, or Milton, but when it comes to the Merchant of Venice essay topics, students are always pleased to choose it.So why don't you try your hand at using the Merchant of Venice essay topics? It is a great subject and can be used in any English literature class. Just look through the works of Shakespeare and see if you can relate to the Merchant of Venice.

Internship Evaluation Of The Fx - 1013 Words

Angel Chang Wei Internship Evaluation Caxton FX is a UK-based foreign exchange company in London. The company’s objective is to put a Caxton card in every wallet and to facilitate corporate money transfer on behalf of its private and corporate clients. It’s a young and fast growing company which has grown from only one employee in 2004 to 120 employees in 2015. The turnover has grown from 750 million in 2013 to 1 billion in 2015. The company has zero debt and an AAA credit rating. The division which I have been assigned to is the corporate sales team, which has 30 people in 4 departments: lead generators, business development managers, senior sales managers and account managers. The board exploits market opportunities and develops new†¦show more content†¦With the information, the team gains a better understanding of the market and targets potential clients more precisely, which enhances working efficiency. The corporate sales team has a morning brief meeting every morning at 9 o’clock. In the meeting, one colleague summarizes the latest news, the main currency exchanges rates, and the major fluctuation in the foreign exchange market. Then, we have discussions on the impacts on the market in regard to the morning brief news. Next, one other colleague would proceed to give a notice with the major events that are going to happen on that day. He will also point out the possible effects on the foreign currency exchange rate. For example, he would speak of the meeting of the European Central Bank, the inflation figures in the UK and the US, the change of the interest rate in China, and so forth. Then the head of the corporate sales team will set daily goals with everyone in the junior sales team regarding the number of phone calls and trades they need to make. The morning meeting benefits everyone in the sales team to gain the ability to analyse the financial market better. It teaches me to integrate academic knowledge with daily news. The core class introduces the advantage of privatization in encouraging competition. Individual companies have to make profitable plans such as devolving management and decreasing costs, which in turn leads to greater efficiency and larger

The Concept of Care and the Nursing Metaparadigm Free Essay Example, 3500 words

The concept refers to terms that define phenomena occurring either in thought or nature (McEwen and Willis, 2006). Concepts normally contain some attributes which help to distinguish them. Since the formulation of concepts employs the use of words, concepts can be broadly be categorized as either concrete or abstract. The former can be perceived by the common senses and include concepts such as universe, passion, ground, which are symbolic and a representation of phenomena. On the other hand, abstract concepts include love, anger, passion etc. All these terms are particular to an entity and for that matter descriptive in nature. Concepts can be formulated using a single word, two words or a phrase (McEwen and Willis, 2006). Examples of single word concepts include death, fear, anxiety etc. The concepts with two words can take the form of mutual agreement, self-fulfillment etc. There are concepts which take the form of a phrase such as user-friendly services, environmental conscious behavior, poor service delivery etc. There are many concepts in different disciplines which help to differentiate one from the other. For the reasoned purpose of the systematic study of nature, it is important to come up with concepts that are clear (Duncan, Cloutier and Bailey, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Care and the Nursing Metaparadigm or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This becomes a stepping stone that gives researchers and scholars a grasp of reality. It also makes the study of phenomena easier. Also in order to communicate meaning clearly to readers, there is a need for scholars to avoid ambiguity. This means that every time a term is used in a particular context, scholars must endeavor to define it to ensure proper interpretation. On the other hand, metaparadigms define a discipline and set the boundaries with other disciplines. It gives the discipline a global perspective which is useful for the practitioners of the discipline to observe phenomena within their parameter (Van Wyk, 2005). In most cases, it comprises a range of major concepts which act as its defining elements. These concepts within a metaparadigm act as limitations or boundaries of the discipline. Again, metaparadigm not only defines a discipline but also outlines its concerns.

The Imagery of Fire in Edwidge Danticat’s “A Wall of Fire...

The Imagery of Fire in Edwidge Danticat’s â€Å"A Wall of Fire Rising† The imagery of fire in Edwidge Danticat s short story â€Å"A Wall of Fire Rising† possesses a very powerful meaning and also continually changes throughout the entirety of the story. Fire was a very sacred thing to have, especially during the time this story has taken place. One example of how fire is used in the story A Wall of Fire Rising is the fire that is burning deep down inside of Big Guy. This fire is a metaphor of the build up of all of Big Guy s emotions and frustrations that happen and are presented throughout his life. Big Guy struggles with his inner self a lot. He is also ashamed because he has not had a job in six months, and even that job†¦show more content†¦In this perspective, the kerosene lamp represents Little Guy’s ambition of wanting success in his play and approval from his parents. No matter how dim the light was in the family’s hut, Little Guy was determined to learn his lines next to the lamp: â€Å"The boy went back to the corner where he had been studying and pulled out a thick book carefully covered in brown paper.† (pg 233) â€Å"He had to strain his eyes to see the words by the light of an old kerosene lamp, which that night – like all others – flickered as though it was burning it’s very last wick.† (pg 233) Learning these lines were super important to Little Guy because he wanted to do well in his play for school. Having such a significant part in the school play and being Boukman made Little Guy proud and he also wanted his parents to approve of him and be proud of him too. Little Guy would constantly interrupt Big Guy and Lili from their conversations or whatever they were doing by bringing up his lines in anyway possible: â€Å"A man is judged by his deeds,† she said. â€Å"The boy never goes to bed hungry. For as long as he’s been with us, he’s always ben fed.† (pg 242) â€Å"Just as if he had heard himself mentioned, the boy cam e dashing from the other side of the field, crashing on top of his parents.† â€Å"My new lines,† he said. â€Å"I Have forgotten my new lines.† (pgShow MoreRelatedThe Struggle of the People of Haiti in Edwidge Danticats Novel Krik? Krak!1204 Words   |  5 PagesEdwidge Danticats novel Krik? Krak! reflects the struggling people of Haiti from the 1960’s to the 1990’s. Danticat, born in Haiti, grew up hearing stories about her homelands past. She learned about the hardships and struggles her elders went through in Haiti. Danticat composed nine short stories that reveal the unmasking truth of what it was like in the previous generations to keep the history of her home country alive. Within the characters in these stories, she describes the inequality, cruelty

Oligopoly and Marginal Cost Firms free essay sample

An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). Oligopolies can result from various forms of collusion which reduce competition and lead to higher costs for consumers. [1] With few sellers, each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm therefore influence and are influenced by the decisions of other firms. Strategic planning by oligopolists needs to take into account the likely responses of the other market participants. Oligopoly is a common market form where a small number of firms are in competition. As a quantitative description of oligopoly, the four-firm concentration ratio is often utilized. This measure expresses the market share of the four largest firms in an industry as a percentage. For example, as of fourth quarter 2008, Verizon, ATT, Sprint, and T-Mobile together control 89% of the US cellular phone market. Oligopolistic competition can give rise to a wide range of different outcomes. In some situations, the firms may employ restrictive trade practices (collusion, market sharing etc.) to raise prices and restrict production in much the same way as a monopoly. Where there is a formal agreement for such collusion, this is known as a cartel. A primary example of such a cartel is OPEC which has a profound influence on the international price of oil. Firms often collude in an attempt to stabilize unstable markets, so as to reduce the risks inherent in these markets for investment and product development. [citation needed] There are legal restrictions on such collusion in most countries. There does not have to be a formal agreement for collusion to take place (although for the act to be illegal there must be actual communication between companies)–for example, in some industries there may be an acknowledged market leader which informally sets prices to which other producers respond, known as price leadership. In other situations, competition between sellers in an oligopoly can be fierce, with relatively low prices and high production. This could lead to an efficient outcome approaching perfect competition. The competition in an oligopoly can be greater when there are more firms in an industry than if, for example, the firms were only regionally based and did not compete directly with each other. Thus the welfare analysis of oligopolies is sensitive to the parameter values used to define the markets structure. In particular, the level of dead weight loss is hard to measure. The study ofproduct differentiation indicates that oligopolies might also create excessive levels of differentiation in order to stifle competition. Oligopoly theory makes heavy use of game theory to model the behavior of oligopolies: Stackelbergs duopoly. In this model the firms move sequentially (see Stackelberg competition). Cournots duopoly. In this model the firms simultaneously choose quantities (see Cournot competition). Bertrands oligopoly. In this model the firms simultaneously choose prices (see Bertrand competition). Characteristics[edit] Profit maximization conditions An oligopoly maximizes profits . Ability to set price Oligopolies are price setters rather than price takers. [2] Entry and exit Barriers to entry are high. The most important barriers are economies of scale, patents, access to expensive and complex technology, and strategic actions by incumbent firms designed to discourage or destroy nascent firms. Additional sources of barriers to entry often result from government regulation favoring existing firms making it difficult for new firms to enter the market. [4] Number of firms Few – a handful of sellers. [3] There are so few firms that the actions of one firm can influence the actions of the other firms. [5] Long run profits Oligopolies can retain long run abnormal profits. High barriers of entry prevent sideline firms from entering market to capture excess profits. Product differentiation Product may be homogeneous (steel) or differentiated (automobiles). [4] Perfect knowledge Assumptions about perfect knowledge vary but the knowledge of various economic factors can be generally described as selective. Oligopolies have perfect knowledge of their own cost and demand functions but their inter-firm information may be incomplete. Buyers have only imperfect knowledge as to price, cost and product quality. Interdependence The distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. Oligopolies are typically composed of a few large firms. Each firm is so large that its actions affect market conditions. Therefore the competing firms will be aware of a firms market actions and will respond appropriately. This means that in contemplating a market action, a firm must take into consideration the possible reactions of all competing firms and the firms countermoves. [7] It is very much like a game of chess or pool in which a player must anticipate a whole sequence of moves and countermoves in determining how to achieve his or her objectives. For example, an oligopoly considering a price reduction may wish to estimate the likelihood that competing firms would also lower their prices and possibly trigger a ruinous price war. Or if the firm is considering a price increase, it may want to know whether other firms will also increase prices or hold existing prices constant. This high degree of interdependence and need to be aware of what other firms are doing or might do is to be contrasted with lack of interdependence in other market structures. In a perfectly competitive (PC) market there is zero interdependence because no firm is large enough to affect market price. All firms in a PC market are price takers, as current market selling price can be followed predictably to maximize short-term profits. In a monopoly, there are no competitors to be concerned about. In a monopolistically-competitive market, each firms effects on market conditions is so negligible as to be safely ignored by competitors. Non-Price Competition Oligopolies tend to compete on terms other than price. Loyalty schemes, advertisement, and product differentiation are all examples of non-price competition. Modeling[edit] There is no single model describing the operation of an oligopolistic market. The variety and complexity of the models is because you can have two to 10 firms competing on the basis of price, quantity, technological innovations, marketing, advertising and reputation. Fortunately, there are a series of simplified models that attempt to describe market behavior by considering certain circumstances. Some of the better-known models are the dominant firm model, the Cournot-Nash model, the Bertrand model and the kinked demand model. Cournot-Nash model[edit] Main article: Cournot competition The Cournot-Nash model is the simplest oligopoly model. The model assumes that there are two â€Å"equally positioned firms†; the firms compete on the basis of quantity rather than price and each firm makes an â€Å"output decision assuming that the other firm’s behavior is fixed. †[8] The market demand curve is assumed to be linear and marginal costs are constant. To find the Cournot-Nash equilibrium one determines how each firm reacts to a change in the output of the other firm. The path to equilibrium is a series of actions and reactions. The pattern continues until a point is reached where neither firm desires â€Å"to change what it is doing, given how it believes the other firm will react to any change. The equilibrium is the intersection of the two firm’s reaction functions. The reaction function shows how one firm reacts to the quantity choice of the other firm. [10] For example, assume that the firm 1’s demand function is P = (M Q2) Q1 where Q2 is the quantity produced by the other firm and Q1 is the amount produced by firm 1,[11] and M=60 is the market. Assume that marginal cost is CM=12. Firm 1 wants to know its maximizing quantity and price. Firm 1 begins the process by following the profit maximization rule of equating marginal revenue to marginal costs. Firm 1’s total revenue function is RT = Q1 P= Q1(M Q2 Q1) = M Q1- Q1Q2 Q12. The marginal revenue function is . [note 1] RM = CM M Q2 2Q1 = CM 2Q1 = (M-CM) Q2 Q1 = (M-CM)/2 Q2/2 = 24 0. 5 Q2 [1. 1] Q2 = 2(M-CM) 2Q2 = 96 2 Q1 [1. 2] Equation 1. 1 is the reaction function for firm 1. Equation 1. 2 is the reaction function for firm 2. To determine the Cournot-Nash equilibrium you can solve the equations simultaneously. The equilibrium quantities can also be determined graphically. The equilibrium solution would be at the intersection of the two reaction functions. Note that if you graph the functions the axes represent quantities. [12] The reaction functions are not necessarily symmetric. [13] The firms may face differing cost functions in which case the reaction functions would not be identical nor would the equilibrium quantities. Bertrand model[edit] Main article: Bertrand competition The Bertrand model is essentially the Cournot-Nash model except the strategic variable is price rather than quantity. [14] The model assumptions are: There are two firms in the market They produce a homogeneous product They produce at a constant marginal cost Firms choose prices PA and PB simultaneously Firms outputs are perfect substitutes Sales are split evenly if PA = PB[15] The only Nash equilibrium is PA = PB = MC. Neither firm has any reason to change strategy. If the firm raises prices it will lose all its customers. If the firm lowers price P MC then it will be losing money on every unit sold. [16] The Bertrand equilibrium is the same as the competitive result. [17] Each firm will produce where P = marginal costs and there will be zero profits. [14] A generalization of the Bertrand model is theBertrand-Edgeworth Model that allows for capacity constraints and more general cost functions. Kinked demand curve model[edit] Main article: Kinked demand According to this model, each firm faces a demand curve kinked at the existing price. [18] The conjectural assumptions of the model are; if the firm raises its price above the current existing price, competitors will not follow and the acting firm will lose market share and second if a firm lowers prices below the existing price then their competitors will follow to retain their market share and the firms output will increase only marginally. [19] If the assumptions hold then: The firms marginal revenue curve is discontinuous (or rather, not differentiable), and has a gap at the kink[18] For prices above the prevailing price the curve is relatively elastic [20] For prices below the point the curve is relatively inelastic [20] The gap in the marginal revenue curve means that marginal costs can fluctuate without changing equilibrium price and quantity. [18] Thus prices tend to be rigid. Examples[edit] In industrialized economies, barriers to entry have resulted in oligopolies forming in many sectors, with unprecedented levels of competition fueled by increasing globalization. Market shares in an oligopoly are typically determined by product development and advertising. For example, there are now only a small number of manufacturers of civil passenger aircraft, though Brazil (Embraer) and Canada (Bombardier) have participated in the small passenger aircraft market sector. Oligopolies have also arisen in heavily-regulated markets such as wireless communications: in some areas only two or three providers are licensed to operate. Australia[edit] Most media outlets are owned either by News Corporation, Time Warner, or by Fairfax Media[21] Grocery retailing is dominated by Coles Group and Woolworths. Banking is dominated by ANZ, Westpac, NAB, and Commonwealth Bank. To an extent this oligopoly is enshrined in law in what is known as the Four pillars policy, in order to ensure the stability of Australias banking system. Most of the telecommunications in Australia is delivered by Telstra or Optus. Other brands are virtual network operators (VNO). Canada[edit] Six companies (Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto Dominion Bank, Bank of Nova Scotia, Bank of Montreal, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and National Bank of Canada) control the banking industry. As of 2008, three companies (Rogers Wireless, Bell Mobility and Telus Mobility) share over 94% of Canadas wireless market. [22][23] 4 companies control the internet service provider market, (Rogers), (Bell), (Telus), (Shaw) 8 companies control the oil and gas market, (Husky Energy) (Imperial Oil) (Nexen) (Petro-Canada) (Shell Canada) (Suncor Energy) (Syncrude Canada) (Talisman Energy) India[edit] The petroleum and gas industry is dominated by Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum, Hindustan Petroleum and Reliance. Most of the telecommunication in India is dominated by Airtel, Vodafone,Idea, Reliance European Union[edit] The VHF Data Link market as air-ground part of aeronautical communications is controlled by ARINC and SITA, commonly known as the organisations providing communication services for the exchange of data between air-ground applications in the Commission Regulation (EC) No 29/2009. United Kingdom[edit] Five banks (Barclays, Halifax, HSBC, Lloyds TSB and Natwest) dominate the UK banking sector, they were accused of being an oligopoly by the relative newcomer Virgin bank. Four companies (Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons) share 74. 4% of the grocery market. The detergent market is dominated by two players, Unilever and Procter Gamble. [26] Six utilities (EDF Energy, Centrica, RWE npower, E. on, Scottish Power and Scottish and Southern Energy) share 99% of the retail electricity market. [27] United States[edit] Many media industries today are essentially oligopolies. Six movie studios receive almost 87% of American film revenues. [28] The television and high speed internet industry is mostly an oligopoly of seven companies: The Walt Disney Company, CBS Corporation, Viacom, Comcast, Hearst Corporation, Time Warner, and News Corporation. See Concentration of media ownership. Four wireless providers (ATT Mobility, Verizon Wireless, T-Mobile, Sprint Nextel) control 89% of the cellular telephone service market. [30] This is not to be confused with cellular telephone manufacturing, an integral portion of the cellular telephone market as a whole. Healthcare insurance in the United States consists of very few insurance companies controlling major market share in most states. For example, Californias insured population of 20 million is the most competitive in the nation and 44% of that market is dominated by two insurance companies, Anthem and Kaiser Permanente. [31] Anheuser-Busch and MillerCoors control about 80% of the beer industry. [32] In March 2012, the United States Department of Justice announced that it would sue six major publishers for price fixing in the sale of electronic books. The accused publishers are Apple, Simon Schuster Inc, Hachette Book Group, Penguin Group, Macmillan, and HarperCollins Publishers. [33][34][35] Worldwide[edit] The accountancy market is controlled by PriceWaterhouseCoopers, KPMG, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and Ernst Young (commonly known as the Big Four)[36] Three leading food processing companies, Kraft Foods, PepsiCo and Nestle, together achieve a large proportion[vague] of global processed food sales. These three companies are often used as an example of Rule of three,[37] which states that markets often become an oligopoly of three large firms. Boeing and Airbus have a duopoly over the airliner market. [38] General Electric, Pratt and Whitney and Rolls-Royce plc own more than 50% of the marketshare in the airliner engine market. Three credit rating agencies (Standard Poors, Moodys, and Fitch Group) dominate their market and extend their crucial importance into the financial sector. See Big Three (credit rating agencies). Nestle, The Hershey Company and Mars, Incorporated together make most of the candy made worldwide. Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo dominate the video game console market. Demand curve[edit] In an oligopoly, firms operate under imperfect competition. With the fierce price competitiveness created by this sticky-upward demand curve, firms use non-price competition in order to accrue greater revenue and market share. Kinked demand curves are similar to traditional demand curves, as they are downward-sloping. They are distinguished by a hypothesized convex bend with a discontinuity at the bend–kink. Thus the first derivative at that point is undefined and leads to a jump discontinuity in themarginal revenue curve. Classical economic theory assumes that a profit-maximizing producer with some market power (either due to oligopoly or monopolistic competition) will set marginal costs equal to marginal revenue. This idea can be envisioned graphically by the intersection of an upward-sloping marginal cost curve and a downward-sloping marginal revenue curve (because the more one sells, the lower the price must be, so the less a producer earns per unit). In classical theory, any change in the marginal cost structure (how much it costs to make each additional unit) or the marginal revenue structure (how much people will pay for each additional unit) will be immediately reflected in a new price and/or quantity sold of the item. This result does not occur if a kink exists. Because of this jump discontinuity in the marginal revenue curve,marginal costs could change without necessarily changing the price or quantity. The motivation behind this kink is the idea that in an oligopolistic or monopolistically competitive market, firms will not raise their prices because even a small price increase will lose many customers. This is because competitors will generally ignore price increases, with the hope of gaining a larger market share as a result of now having comparatively lower prices. However, even a large price decrease will gain only a few customers because such an action will begin a price war with other firms. The curve is therefore more price-elastic for price increases and less so for price decreases. Firms will often enter the industry in the long run.

Marketing environment and buyer behaviour Essay Example

Marketing environment and buyer behaviour Paper The external marketing environment (1 000 words) Choose two environments within the external environment to analyses demographic, socio-cultural, economic, technological, natural, competitive and political and legal (500 words per environment) Provide a definition of each chosen environment and justify in relation to your product (4 marks) Explain how each chosen environment impacts your product, using evidence from your research (business sources) to justify (20 marks) Discuss the opportunities presented for your chosen product in each environment (8 arks) Discuss the threats presented for your chosen product in each environment (8 marks) 1) Political First of all, political factors refer to the stability of the political environment and the attitudes of political parties or movements. This may manifest in government influence on tax policies, or government involvement in trading agreements. Political factors are inevitably entwined with Legal factors such as national employment laws, international trade regulations and restrictions, monopolies and mergers rules, and consumer protection. The difference between Political and Legal factors is that Political refers to attitudes and approaches, whereas Legal factors are those which have become law and regulations. Legal needs to be complied with whereas Political may represent influences, restrictions or opportunities, but they are not mandatory. One of the important aspects that Apple Inc. Just consider is a market and product launching regulations. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing environment and buyer behaviour specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing environment and buyer behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing environment and buyer behaviour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Europe, many residents do not even have a land line phone system, and the mobile phone is the primary and only) phone number. Thus, the political environment is more possessive Of the cellular standards. This is also one of Apples biggest weaknesses. Keep in mind there are different political systems in different countries that must agree on the same cellular standard. The cellular standard must be transparent to a country that is a monarchy as well as a socialist country. The E has made it clear that the political aim of the governments role in cellular standards is to entertain more competition that shares the same standards. One more issue that Apple must confront is the apparent De facto reductionism of Monika and Ericson. These two companies are extremely important to their economy, as Monika has been mentioned as one of Rupees most important companies. The future is pretty safe for those two telecommunications giants, and Apple will be at a disadvantage if it must wrestle with them. There is an argument that with cellular standard conforming to European standards, US companies such as Motorola and Apple may be at a disadvantage in keeping up with Rupees cellular manufacturers. One can argue that this can be supported by the 2. G release of the phone Europe as opposed to the G standard. Apple can argue the European standards are exclusionary and discriminatory as Apple has invested large amounts of money into R standards. At present, mobile devices based on current US technology are now locked out of the E market since the W-CDMA standard has been converted into a requirement. (Wallis- Brown, Von Hellene, et al, 2000) The development of the phone under two different standards is a burden for Apple. The ELI arguably also protects its two telecommunication giants, Monika and Ericson. Apple is not alone in this fight, as Korean manufacturers such as LEG and Samsung face these burdens. Apple also shares this dilemma with Motorola on IIS soil. However, these competitors are established companies that have introduced product since the early adopter phase of mobile technology. Apple is a late entry in mobile phones. The development of the phone must balance the development of the phone to conform to US standards, E standards, and still maintain its uniqueness that the Apple brand has always maintained. 2) Technological The technological environment refers to new technologies, which create new product and market opportunities. Technological developments are the most manageable uncontrollable force faced by marketers. Organizations need to be aware of new technologies in order to turn these advances into opportunities and a competitive edge. Technology has a tremendous effect on life-styles, consumption patterns, and the economy. Advances in technology can start new industries, radically alter or destroy existing industries, and stimulate entirely separate markets. The rapid rate at which technology changes has forced organizations to quickly adapt in terms of how they develop, price, distribute, and promote their products. The four Ups of marketing are directly affected the moment a new sign is created. New technology is an ever- growing competitive industry based on consumer demand. Consumers want to do everything faster and easier, thus causing companies to combine their technologies into one product. The idea of multi-media device is not new, mobile phones have been able to make calls and access the internet for some years now. With the latest craze of listening to music outside of the car and Disdains becoming a history channel special, digital music; MPH has skyrocketed. With many Pads supporting a Windows based SO, consumers were able to buy a memory arid, load music, insert that into their phone, and listen via Windows Media player. The phone is different because it allows music to be stored directly onto either a 4 or KGB hard drive (Apple Inc. , 2014). The phone uses a new multi-touch display and new software so everything can be controlled by touch. It capabilities of listening to music and watching videos are amazing compared to standard software on Pads and other multi- media phones currently available. The phone capabilities are the same, you just simply touch a name and press call on the display, and there are no buttons to press. The internet allows you scroll web pages while downloading, just like a computer. However, in the international market, if Apple were to enter into Europe, they would be faced with a challenge of accommodating their technology. Rupees largest mobile phone service provider, Videophone, uses G/LISTS technology, which the phone does not support. Phone currently operates on GSM; however rumors have been spread about the possibility of Apple developing two versions of their phone. If a contract between Videophone and Apple was generated and the two versions of the phone were available for OTOH markets, the launch of the phone would be astounding. As technology is growing fast it is a big advantage for Apple because if it continue innovates like today it will be able to keep a pace of the high technology growth in the world. Increasing demand in technology can lead the company to new success. One of the biggest mobile wireless developments in 2008 was the increased availability of G mobile phones, such as Apples phone G. Moreover, Sprint is planning to offer a Woman based G services by 2009. Other mobile providers (including AT T, Verizon wireless, and T-Mobile) are currently purporting new Long Term Evolution (LET) G technology based on the SIMMS cellular standard. Chips are already developed that support both types of G networks and are expected to be included in Notebook computers, mobile phones, digital cameras and other consumer devices. Moreover, the mobile cloud is the recent trend, which includes not only giant carriers and Mobile device makers (Apple, Samsung), but also a full convergent of internet based companies and software giants (Amazon, Google, Face book, Microsoft and more). Apple launched cloud in October 201 1 and this new service stores music, applications, photos, calendars, intact, and documents and wirelessly pushes them to multiple ISO devices, Macs and Windows-based computers (Apple Annual Report, 2011 Apple Inc. Is on top of the market because of investing highly in research and product development. Moreover, innovation has shown big portion of this brand and has shown to pay out (Apple Inc. , 2014). B. Consumer buyer behavior (1500 words) What type Of buying decision is used for your product? Justify your answer by considering the level of involvement and other factors influencing this (10 marks) How might need recognition be triggered for your product? Explain how one factor influences this stage (1 0 marks) How could information search be undertaken for your product? Explain how one factor influences this stage (10 marks) Provide an example of a typical evoked set for your product and describe how alternatives could be evaluated for your product. Explain how one factor influences this stage (10 marks) How might the decision to purchase be made for your product? Explain how one factor influences this stage (ID marks) How might a consumer undertake post-purchase evaluation for your product? Explain how one factor influences this stage (10 marks) Studying consumer attitudes toward brands is of paramount important because thats what comes closest to revealing if a consumer intends to buy the brand in question. The Attitude toward object model is suitable for measuring attitude towards a product category or specific brands. According to this model, the consumers attitude toward a product/brand is a function of the presence (or absence) and evaluation of certain product-specific beliefs and/or attributes. That explains the number that turned up at various launches of the phone across the country. This also explained by the Attitude toward behavior model. This model is designed to capture the consumers attitude toward behaving or acting with respect to an object rather than the attitude toward the object itself. The appeal of this model is that it seems to correspond somewhat more closely to actual behavior than the attitude toward object model. Now this where Apple fails. There are 5 important steps that a consumer makes before they decide upon purchasing a product or using a service. What goes on in their head? Understanding these processes will help with developing marketing strategies targeted to the consumer. Brand awareness plays a huge role in the consumer decision making process. When consumers show an interest in buying a certain product, many of them will follow a decision making process which follows the next steps: problem recognition (unsatisfied need), information search, evaluation of expected outcome, purchase, post- purchase behavior. This process is a guideline for studying the way consumers make decisions, but it is important to remember that they can abandon the whole idea at any stage, and they do not necessarily continue with this decision making process up to a purchase. Consumer behavior is influenced by many things, including environmental and marketing factors, he situation, personal and psychological factors, family, and culture. Businesses try to figure out trends so they can reach the people most likely to buy their products in the most cost-effective way possible. Businesses often try to influence a consumers behavior with things they can control such as the layout of a store, music, grouping and availability of products, pricing, and advertising. While some influences may be temporary and others are long lasting, different factors can affect how buyers behave whether they influence you to make a purchase, buy additional products, or buy nothing at all. The first stage in the buying decision is problem recognition. Problem recognition occurs when a consumer is faced with an unsatisfied need (the need for a more convenient mode of communication) and desires a fulfilled outcome that satisfies this need. Problem recognition is triggered by either external stimuli (advertisements) or internal stimuli (hunger or thirst). Consumers can recognize unfulfilled wants in several ways, for example when an old product is not performing as well as it should, or when consumers are made aware of a new technology that will enhance their current product experience. The core off marketers goal is to make consumers aware of possible unsatisfied needs, and to show the consumer how the product or service will fulfill that need. Look at how Steve Jobs came along with the phone. No one needed it, but he made sure that the phone was something that everyone needed to have. Human beings are social, and they need people around them to interact with and to discuss various issues in order to reach better solutions and ideas. We learned that these social factors typically consist of the consumers small groups, their family, and their social roles and status. We also learned about social roles such as Initiators, Influences, Deciders, Buyers, and Users. These roles play a part within social groups consisting of friends and families in aggravating a buyers hunger for a certain product. The second stage in the buying decision is the search for information and the organization of this information within the individuals frame of reference. The information search involves exposure to different sources, such as promotional material and displays of the product, actively researching the product, or relying on historic information in the consumers mind, such as reconciled ideas about a product or a previous experience (good or bad) with such a product (our personal and psychological factors). Affecting consumer buyer behavior, Psychological Factors, are the consumers own personality is constructed by the unique psychological characteristics that create relatively consistent, lasting behavior in response to their own environment. These characteristics include Self Concept, Motivation and the five motivational needs, Perception, Learning, and Beliefs and Attitudes. In Summary, all Of these factors and stimuli illustrate an important point: nonusers are complicated. Not all buying decisions rely this heavily on the gathering of information, and the extent to which a consumer conducts an information search depends largely on the perceived risk of the purchase. When we are confronted with a decision, emotions from previous, related experiences affix values to the options we are considering. These emotions create preferences which lead to our decision. We are capable of rationally processing information about alternative choices; but were unable to make decisions because they lacked any sense of how they felt about the options. However, for consumers, perhaps the most important characteristic of emotions is that they push us toward action. In response to an emotion, humans are compelled to do something. In a physical confrontation, fear forces us to choose between fight or flight to insure our self-preservation. In our daily social confrontations, insecurity may cause us to buy the latest phone to support our positive self-identity. The third stage of the decision making process, is the evaluation of expected outcome. The consumer is now ready to make a decision based on all the information gathered, and those discarded. The consumer has now developed a set of criteria against which he will base this decision, and will most likely be able to narrow his search down to only a few products. The goal of the marketing manager is to determine which attributes of a product will convince a consumer to buy it. Recent studies have shown that attributes which plays on emotions (such as perceived trustworthiness, perceived comfort, perceived excellence or perceived status) are the ones that weighs the heaviest in decision making processes. This stage of the decision making process is critical, because many consumers are not able to make a rational session by weighing up alternatives, and if they have reached this stager the more emotional consumer has reached an uncritical blindness in which they become obsessed with buying the product. The next step in the decision making process is to purchase the product. The consumer has decided which product to buy, or not to buy anything at all. If he decides to make a purchase, the next step in the process is an evaluation of the product after the purchase. While demographic variables such as income, education, and marital status are important, we will look at gender, age, and stage of life and how they influence purchase decisions. Men and women need and buy different products. They also shop differently and in general, have different attitudes about shopping. You know the old stereotypes. Men see what they want and buy it, but women try on everything and shop till they drop. Theres some truth to the stereotypes. Interestingly the process does not stop at the point of purchase because there is a stage five called the post-purchase evaluation. The process continues even when the product or service is being consumed by the individual or business. So if it doesnt meet your needs or solve your problem o can take action to improve the product or service. Your actions at this point might inform other potential buyers who would be keen to hear about your experiences. The level of satisfaction that the consumer will experience will depend largely on how many of his expectations were met. Lets look at an example based upon buying a new Phone. The first stage is likely to be that you have a need for communication or access to the Internet, or problem because you cannot interact with friends using social media. So the second stage is where you speak to your friends and surf the Internet cooking at alternatives, which represent stage two or your information search. As a buyer you might visit a local phone store and speak to the sales staff to help you complete stage three, I. E. Your evaluation of alternatives. Stage four is the selection of product and you go and make your final decision and buy your Phone from a local store or using an e-commerce website. Stage five involves your post-purchase evaluation whereby you use the phone and have a positive, negative or mediocre experience of the product. If it doesnt satisfy your needs you take action and more importantly youll tell ethers of your problems. If youre pleased with the product, you will tell your friends and this will influence stage two (their information search) when they decide to buy an Phone.

Eating Dsiorders essays

Eating Dsiorders essays Located forty minutes west of Cincinnati is Miami University. Only 16,000 students reside at Miami University, yet we boasts two professional basketball players (Wally Szerbiac and Ron Harper), a top twenty hokey team, two consecutive synchronized ice-skating national championships, and who can forget the second most beautiful girls in the nation (according to playboy magazine). However, what we should be rated for is our percentage of students with eating disorders. Every afternoon one may bear witness to dozens of girls, already abnormally thin, running all over campus. If you visit Miamis recreational center, the amount of girls multiplies. While visiting the recreational center one will see countless girls running on the indoor track while on the endless waiting list to use a treadmill. Once finished these women do grab a bite to eat, a piece of fruit, a fat free yogurt, and, if they feel like pigging out, a salad. And even when students return to their dorm they still cant avoid the disorders. While walking through a female corridor one will find room after room with Billy Blanks on the television and Buns or Abs of Steel at work. Unfortunately it doesnt end with this. In the worst cases you may hear awful noises of girls vomiting coming from the restroom. Is this the picture of college life depicted in movies or recommended to us by our high school counselors? It should, because this is Miami University. Although few admit it, this campus has one of the most distorted views of body image of any college. I interviewed fifty females from my dorm concerning their feelings toward their bodies. 80% revealed that they thought they were fat. When in actuality, only ten percent qualify as clinically overweight. 72% informed me that they exercised 4 or more times a week. When asked why, most responded, to control my weight. 54% take it a step further and limit their food intake in addition to exercising. ...

Accounting for Decision Makers -Discussion Question Assignment

Accounting for Decision Makers -Discussion Question - Assignment Example The major weakness of Rio Valley involves low levels of net income. In 2014, the net income was $1,425,000. This is very low when compared to the revenue amounts in 2014 of $5,100,000. The low net income explains that the operating expenses form a huge proportion. The company should thus adopt strategies that ensure financial efficiency. One example entails, adopting production technology that minimizes labor requirements, and thus reduces labor costs like salaries, motivation, retirement, and training expenses. One common size measure utilized in analyzing dollar amounts is the percentage increase in sales, based on 2010 as the base years. The sales level in 2014 is $5,100,000. This sales level illustrates 127.5% increase in the 2010 value of $4,000,000 (Al & Wayne, 2015). 127.5% of $4,000,000 = $5,100,000. El Paso should thus invest in Rio Valley, due to the sales revenue increasing trends. However, adequate strategies must be utilized in minimizing production expenses and also operating

Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Schizophrenia - Essay Example This difference in levels of cognition in various patients led to more research into other underlying pathologic pathways responsible for severe cognitive impairment in NPI patients but was apparently working fine in patients on NPNN category. Brain morphometry was used to analyze differences. Both groups were tested against each other on the basis of four tests to asses the attention and working memory (verbal and nonverbal) and were confirmed by California verbal learning test and degraded stimulus continuous performance test. The standard deviation within 0.5 was the cut off for near normal cognition whereas 1 standard deviation below normal rendered the patient cognitively impaired. They gray matter was found to be smaller in both the groups along with larger third ventricle. An additional pathology found in NPI was that along with the gray matter, their white matter was also decreased in volume. The lateral ventricle cavity was also enlarged. Whitford et al (2007) further invest igated the white matter abnormalities in schizophrenics and also studied whether the degenerative changes are progressive. T1 weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 41 first- episode schizophrenics were compared against those of 47 normal comparable people for baseline volume of white matter using voxel-based morphometry in statistical parametric mapping- 2 (SPM2). The schizophrenics had decreased volume of white matter in frontal and temporal lobes. However there was an increase in white matter at frontoparietal junctions on both sides. The longitudinal changes at follow up after 2 to 3 years were compared using tensor based morphometry which showed decreased white matter bilaterally in middle and inferior temporal cortices of schizophrenics. The neural connection abnormalities were attributed to this progressive loss of white matter. The structural brain abnormalities at the time of first psychotic episode were studied by Fannon et al (2000) whose research involved 37 patient s going through their first episode of psychosis. T1 weighted steady brain scans of 1.5 mm contiguous sections were obtained and volumetric brain measurements were taken. The patients were found to have structural deviations and there was generalized reduction in brain volume, along with enlarged third and lateral ventricles. Cortical and temporal gray matter was found to be decreased. Schizophrenia is a chronic progressive mental disorder. It is associated with cognitive impairment and worsening interpersonal skills. The attacks are accompanied by hallucinations and delusions. Person feels that he is hearing different sorts of voices and has false beliefs and perceptions. There is extreme emotional instability and the patient may suffer from depression or social isolation. Cognitive decline involves memory impairment, decreased ability to pay attention and difficulty in functional execution of activities. The abnormalities are attributed to abnormal distribution and ratios of gray and white matter in the brain. Apart from that, increase in size of ventricular cavities as well as generalized reduction in brain volume also adds to affect the typical schizophrenic picture. The result is alterations in various brain functions owing to

Frankenstein coursework Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein coursework Essay Frankenstein was written in 1816 by female novelist, Mary Shelley. She was only 18 at the time she had the idea for it. Her, her boyfriend Percy Shelley (whom she later married) and some of her friends were on holiday at the shore of lake Geneva in Switzerland, and at the time it was pouring down outside, so one of them decided that they should have a competition to see who could create the scariest horror story. Each person tried desperately to think of one, so much that they tried eating things that would give them nightmares. Mary had the idea of a creature being brought to life, which then lead to the birth of Frankenstein.  This book is often referred to as the modern Prometheus, named after a greek god who stole power from heaven to create life from lifeless materials. When this book was first published, it was done so under an anonymous name because in those days women were not supposed to do things like  Write horror stories and therefore would have been outcast.  Summary  This story is based upon an English man called Robert Walton who is writing to his sister back in England. He is seeking to find the North Pole. In doing this, he finds a man called Victor Frankenstein floating on a piece of ice. Walton drags the man aboard and revives him. When Frankenstein is recovered he starts to tell his story.  He begins to tell Walton about his father and how he came to life, and goes on to talk about his childhood. At this time everything seems fine as Frankenstein appears to have had a very happy time as a child with his family, but it is after this that things start to go wrong. Frankenstein tells of how he goes to university to study natural philosophy, otherwise known as chemistry. It is from this that he goes on to make the discovery he so dearly goes to regret the discovery of giving new life to dead material.  He goes on to say that with this discovery he begins to build a new being. He not only begins to build it, he becomes obsessed with creating new life and even though he becomes ill he continues with it until it is done. He explains how excited he is with what he is doing and how he cant wait to get it finished. However, when it does spring to life the last emotion Frankenstein feels is joy. He is horrified by his creation, and runs out of his room. He returns later to find, to his extreme delight, the monster to be gone. Frankenstein soon forgets about it and decides to return to Geneva to visit his family who he has not seen for 5 years. He returns to discover some grave news.  His younger brother, William, has been murdered and his adopted sister, Justine, has been accused of the crime. Frankenstein instantly knows who had really performed the act. He knew that it was the monster he created which had done this heinous deed. He knew, however, if he told the court that they would not believe him, so Justine was convicted and executed. This filled Frankenstein with great bitterness and hatred towards the monster. He decides to go for a walk in the Alps to take his mind off things. It is here where he confronts the monster for the second time.  When Frankenstein sees the monster his first instinct is to kill it, but the monster is a lot bigger than stronger than him. The monster then tells Frankenstein to listen to what he says and then judge him. This is where the monster tells his story.  He says that he came into the world with no understanding of anything around him, like a fully-grown baby. After his confrontation with Frankenstein, he walked out into a park, where he found berries to eat and a stream to drink from. He then moved out into the countryside where he had numerous encounters with humans hed rather forget about. Whenever humans saw him, they either ran away or attacked the monster. This upset him, because he did not wish to harm them. Eventually, he found a small hovel (small hut) on a farm. It was here he stayed for a long time. He learnt the names of the people who lived on the farm, and also their history, that they were sent out of France by the government because they were planning to free someone from prison. The monster slowly picked up their language of these people and also how to read from old books they threw out. He helped the family by cutting wood for them at night in the winter at night, and generally became quite attracted to the family. After a year and a bit, the monster decided he would confront the family. This went well at first because firstly he met the old man. This was an advantage to the monster because the old man was blind and couldnt judge him by his looks. However, when the rest of the family came home they were horrified by the monsters appearance and attacked him. The monster was very upset by this and ran out of the house.  He ran out into the forest, and returned the following morning to discover the family rushing to leave the place from the monster. He was so angered by this that he trashed the farm, destroying everything and burning it all. The monster then set his sights on returning to Geneva. He spent about half a year travelling but eventually got there.  When he got there he discovered Frankensteins younger brother, William. The monster grabbed the boy, and he started shouting so he tried to silence him by choking him and ended up killing him. The monster found a pendant round the boys neck, and out it round a girl who was sleeping nearby, and then ran. It is here the monster concludes his story.

Half Brothers - How far can you sympathise with Helen, Gregory, William :: English Literature

Half Brothers - How far can you sympathise with Helen, Gregory, William Preston and the narrator of the tale? How does Elizabeth Gaskell guide your response? HALF BROTHERS How far can you sympathise with Helen, Gregory, William Preston and the narrator of the tale? How does Elizabeth Gaskell guide your response? Out of all of the characters in the story, I think that Helen and Gregory are the two that are easiest to sympathise with. William Preston is a harder character to sympathise with. The way that Elizabeth Gaskell portrays these characters in the tale, is a great influence on these thoughts. From beginning to end, Helen seems to have led a very tragic life. The start of the story consists of a very depressing amount of death and poverty and this could trigger a sympathetic reaction from the reader. After three years with her first husband, he dies of tuberculosis and leaves her with a young child, barely able to walk and many burdens such as a lease on their farm that she is stuck with for another four years. As if that wasn't enough, half of the stock on the farm was dead and the rest had to be sold to deal with 'more pressing debts'. All this made her life very difficult as there was no immediate source of income. The way all of this information is provided to the reader is also a reason for the quantity of sympathy generated for Helen. All of these tragic events in Helen's life are included in one single sentence. This gives the reader the impression that all these events happened within a very short time of each other. This would generate even more sympathy for Helen. Immediately after this one, massive sentence full of tragedy, and financial problems, Elizabeth Gaskell reveals that Helen is expecting another child. Here, a lot of emotive language is used, like 'sad and sorry' that trigger sympathy. Terms like 'lonesome dwelling' are also included. This suggests that Helen leads a very lonely, sad life. With winter approaching, Helen's future looks very bleak. At this point, Helen's sister 'Fanny' goes to stay at the farm to keep her company and help out. They planned ways to make money and for a short time, Helen's life began to look up. However, soon, Helen's daughter took ill of scarlet fever and within a week, she died. At this point, Helen was described as stunned by this blow. The fact that Helen did not cry almost gave the impression that Helen was so used to death that she had been 'hardened' by past experiences.

ENG1501 Assignment 1 Essay

1) ABAB CDCD EFEF GG 2) The first three quatrains or line 1-12 of William Shakespeare’s Poem My Mistress’ Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun can easily be seen as an insulting and negative tone â€Å" If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun† â€Å"Than in the breath of my mistress reeks† . But in truth the tone of the poem is humoristic, realistic and philosophical ,and as the poem progresses the true tone also progresses because although her lips aren’t coral red, her breasts not white as snow her hair not shiny he still loves her as she is and he doesn’t make her into something that she is not. â€Å" And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare† The poem can also be seen as a satire to the conventional poets of the time and their unrealistic image of true beauty, and shows it to be predictable and a clichà © 3) At first glance it might seem as if he is mocking her. But he is actually mocking and undermining the Pet rarchan sonnets and metaphors of the time The poet does not render a false image of his mistress, he compares her with the most beautiful objects in nature in the first two quatrains â€Å" My mistress’s eyes are nothing like the sun. Coral is far more red than her lips red. If snow be white then her breasts are dun† this states the poet will not compliment her on a quality she does not have but he is still in love with her â€Å"And yet, by heaven , I think my love as rare. As any she belied with false compare† 4) My Mistress’ Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun is not a classical Petrarchan sonnet. The poet will rather comment on the physical attributes his lover lacks in line 1-12 â€Å" My mistress’s eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun† And state that he still loves her the way she is , than to portray his love for his mistress in an unrealistic , romanticized way that is a clichà © â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare. As any she belied with false compare† Shakespeare’s use of the unrealistic comparisons made by his fellow poets gives the sonnet a humoristic twist. 5) The poet uses simile in line 1† My mistress’s eyes are nothing like the sun† which he uses to compare his lovers eyes to the brightness of the sun A metaphor uses the word †like†. In line 2-4 the poet uses Petrarchen conceit metaphor. The poet compares his mistress to nature and the beauty it holds. The poet also uses a metaphor in line 6, where he compares her pale cheeks to roses. The poet uses personification in line 4 â€Å" If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head†. He speaks of the wires like they are an object on their own and not part of his lover. 6) Yes, even in today’s society women are expected to be almost unrealistically beautiful, and meet the standards set by society and the media. Women everywhere are made to belief that all other women have perfect hair, nails and skin every day, when the reality is that no women will look flawless as the magazines and television portray without the help of make-up, a hairstylist and in some cases photo shop or even plastic surgery. Women are pressured to live up to the expectation of big bright eyes, full red lips, flawless skin, soft and shiny hair,â€Å" My mistress’s eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; If now be white, why then her breasts are dun ; If hairs be wires ,black wires grow on her head†. 7) The couplet at the end of the poem line 13-14 â€Å" And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare.† shifts the tone from humoristic to loving and compassionate. The couplet shows us that even with all her flaws he still loves her unconditionally, and will not change her into anything she isn’t. Bibliogrophy 1) Byrne.D , Kalua.F & Scheepers.R 2012. Foundations in English Literary Studies. ENG1501 study guide. Page 12, 13, 31, 33. University of South Africa. Mucklneuk, Pretoria. 2) Shakespeare , W. Sonnet 130 3) Moffet , H & Mphahlele,E. 2002. Seasons come to pass. A poetry anthology for Southern African Students. 2nd edition. Page 24 &25. Cape Town :Oxford University Press

Freedom of Speech in Campus - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 563 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/27 Category Rhetoric Essay Type Assignment Level High school Tags: Freedom Essay Student Essay Did you like this example? According to the Margaret Wente in her article, the freedom of the speech in the universities is being faced with some challenges where it is almost dying. The way freedom of the speech is applied in the university it is becoming scary. Universities have been experiencing difficulties when it comes to the freedom of expression since it contains different cultures and different people with different thoughts, ideas and cultural background. The choice of the language or words for one to freely express ideas and thoughts is challenging. This paper will discuss the choice of the language at the universities and its fairness as it is used in the Margaret Wentes article. In the today universities, the choice of the language or the idea to be freely expressed should be done carefully, the ideas or language should be contained and neutralized so as it may avoid suppressing important opinions. This is because there is the issue of counterculture where different cultures view ideas differently. The freedom of the speech or the ideas and languages that are chosen in the universities should accommodate the other rights for it to be fair. They should include equality rights, diversity, and inclusion of all the people or students at the universities. For the freedom of the speech to thrive in the universities, it must be accompanied by respecting and acknowledging the diversity among the different cultures among the university communities. The language or idea chosen to be expressed should not damage the rights of the other cultures and communities as it should portray equal rights, diversity in beliefs and culture and should not be discriminative but inclusive. The freedom of the speech in the universities should be fair such that it should not violate the rights of the others in the society. The people should be free but they should make sure that what they speak should not offend the others. The speech should not interfere with the social justice. The speech should not interfere with the traditional values that are used in the truth-seeking. According to the Karl Marx who is the philosopher in advocating for the social justice, he argued that for social justice to be achieved the right words should be chosen. The words are said to be a dangerous weapon. For the freedom of the speech to be fair, it should conform to the concept of the words as a weapon. The language chosen should be right to ensure that one group is not disadvantaged by the freedom of the speech in our campuses. The freedom of speech should balance not to discriminate the different groups in the universities. Both minority and majority students should be served equally by the chosen ideas or thoughts being passed across. The language used in the freedom of the speech should not be abusive or offensive to other individuals in the universities. To conclude, for the freedom of the speech to be fair and prevail in our universities it should be fair and neutral. The choic e of the words chosen should not offend each other students on the campuses. Freedom of the speech should respect the other rights of the students, like the equality rights and should also recognize the diversity of the individuals and be inclusive in all its aspects. This will enhance peaceful environment in our campuses where students express themselves freely without offending each other. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Freedom of Speech in Campus" essay for you Create order